Diskussion:NixOS: Unterschied zwischen den Versionen

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== Ideen für Ideen zu und rund um [[NixOS]] ==
 
== Ideen für Ideen zu und rund um [[NixOS]] ==
  
−
==== [[NixOS]] meets iRedMail ====
+
==== <s>[[NixOS]] meets iRedMail</s> ====
  
−
* http://www.iredmail.org/docs/
+
* <s>http://www.iredmail.org/docs/</s>
 +
* https://gitlab.com/simple-nixos-mailserver
 +
** https://nixos-mailserver.readthedocs.io/
  
 
==== (g)ui the whole configuration.nix ====
 
==== (g)ui the whole configuration.nix ====
Zeile 16: Zeile 18:
  
 
==== nixpkgs on [[BSD]] ====
 
==== nixpkgs on [[BSD]] ====
 +
 +
; [[FreeBSD]]:
 +
: Siehe [[Diskussion:BSD#FreeBSD meets Nixpkgs]]
  
 
; [[Dragonfly BSD]]:
 
; [[Dragonfly BSD]]:
Zeile 38: Zeile 43:
 
*:: ZFS native encryption is one of the newest features of ZFS, driven by the ZoL community. (It is not available on [[FreeBSD]] at present (2017-10).)
 
*:: ZFS native encryption is one of the newest features of ZFS, driven by the ZoL community. (It is not available on [[FreeBSD]] at present (2017-10).)
 
* (maybe a device or file for swap)
 
* (maybe a device or file for swap)
 +
 +
=== Installation ===
 +
 +
==== Hardware ====
 +
 +
; Laptop: lenovo ThikPad T430
 +
 +
; Massenspeicher:
 +
* 2 x 500&nbsp;GB HDD
 +
* 1 x 24&nbsp;GB SSD
 +
* <small>1 x 16&nbsp;GB USB</small>
 +
; Arbeitsspeicher:
 +
* 2 x 8&nbsp;GB DDR3
 +
 +
==== Partitionieren und Formatieren ====
 +
 +
===== Bestandsaufnahme der verfügbaren Geräte an Massenspeicher =====
 +
 +
: <code>lsblk</code>
 +
 +
: <code>fdisk -l /dev/sda</code>
 +
<syntaxhighlight lang="shell">
 +
Disk /dev/sda: 465.8 GiB, 500107862016 bytes, 976773168 sectors
 +
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
 +
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes
 +
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes
 +
</syntaxhighlight>
 +
<syntaxhighlight lang="shell"></syntaxhighlight>
 +
 +
: <code>fdisk -l /dev/sdb</code>
 +
<syntaxhighlight lang="shell">
 +
Disk /dev/sdb: 22.4 GiB, 24015495168 bytes, 46905264 sectors
 +
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
 +
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
 +
</syntaxhighlight>
 +
<syntaxhighlight lang="shell"></syntaxhighlight>
 +
 +
: <code>fdisk -l /dev/sdc</code>
 +
<syntaxhighlight lang="shell">
 +
Disk /dev/sdc: 14.9 GiB, 16005464064 bytes, 31260672 sectors
 +
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
 +
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
 +
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
 +
Disklabel type: dos
 +
</syntaxhighlight>
 +
<syntaxhighlight lang="shell"></syntaxhighlight>
 +
 +
: <code>fdisk -l /dev/sdd</code>
 +
<syntaxhighlight lang="shell">
 +
Disk /dev/sdd: 465.8 GiB, 500107862016 bytes, 976773168 sectors
 +
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
 +
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes
 +
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes
 +
</syntaxhighlight>
 +
<syntaxhighlight lang="shell"></syntaxhighlight>
 +
 +
===== Partitionierung eines verfügbaren Gerätes an Massenspeicher =====
 +
 +
; Pauschales Erstellen einer neuen Partitionstabelle auf jedem Gerät, das künftig Bestandteil vom Setup sein soll:
 +
 +
: BTW: Das kann auch gern auf der grafischen Oberfläche mit ''GParted'' gemacht werden.
 +
:* Gerät im Dropdown-Menü auswählen
 +
:* ''Device'' -> ''Create Partion Table''
 +
:* <s>''gpt''</s> im Dropdown-Menü auswählen
 +
:* Bestätigen
 +
 +
<s>
 +
???
 +
: <code>sgdisk -p /dev/sda</code>
 +
<syntaxhighlight lang="shell"></syntaxhighlight>
 +
<syntaxhighlight lang="shell">
 +
Number  Start (sector)    End (sector)  Size      Code  Name
 +
  1            2048        2099199  1024.0 MiB  8300  Linux filesystem
 +
  2        2099200      976773119  464.8 GiB  8300  Linux filesystem
 +
</syntaxhighlight>
 +
 +
: <code>sgdisk -Z /dev/sda</code>
 +
<syntaxhighlight lang="shell">
 +
GPT data structures destroyed! You may now partition the disk using fdisk or other utilities.
 +
</syntaxhighlight>
 +
 +
: <code>sgdisk -o /dev/sda</code>
 +
<syntaxhighlight lang="shell">
 +
Creating new GPT entries.
 +
The operation has completed successfully.
 +
</syntaxhighlight>
 +
 +
: <code>sgdisk -p /dev/sda</code>
 +
<syntaxhighlight lang="shell">
 +
Disk /dev/sdd: 976773168 sectors, 465.8 GiB
 +
</syntaxhighlight>
 +
<syntaxhighlight lang="shell">
 +
Model:
 +
</syntaxhighlight>
 +
<syntaxhighlight lang="shell">
 +
Sector size (logical/physical): 512/4096 bytes
 +
</syntaxhighlight>
 +
<syntaxhighlight lang="shell">
 +
Disk identifier (GUID):
 +
</syntaxhighlight>
 +
<syntaxhighlight lang="shell">
 +
Partition table holds up to 128 entries
 +
Main partition table begins at sector 2 and ends at sector 33
 +
First usable sector is 34, last usable sector is 976773134
 +
Partitions will be aligned on 2048-sector boundaries
 +
Total free space is 976773101 sectors (465.8 GiB)
 +
 +
Number  Start (sector)    End (sector)  Size      Code  Name
 +
</syntaxhighlight>
 +
</s>
 +
 +
Achtung!
 +
Bisher wurde ausschließlich mit MBR erfolgreich die Installation durchgeführt.
 +
 +
----
 +
<!--
 +
 +
: <code>sgdisk -Z /dev/sda</code>
 +
<syntaxhighlight lang="shell">
 +
 +
***************************************************************
 +
Found invalid GPT and valid MBR; converting MBR to GPT format
 +
in memory.
 +
***************************************************************
 +
 +
GPT data structures destroyed! You may now partition the disk using fdisk or other utilities.
 +
</syntaxhighlight>
 +
 +
: <code>sgdisk -o /dev/sda</code>
 +
<syntaxhighlight lang="shell">
 +
Creating new GPT entries.
 +
The operation has completed successfully.
 +
</syntaxhighlight>
 +
 +
: <code>sgdisk -p /dev/sda</code>
 +
<syntaxhighlight lang="shell">
 +
Disk /dev/sda: 976773168 sectors, 465.8 GiB
 +
</syntaxhighlight>
 +
<syntaxhighlight lang="shell">
 +
Model:
 +
</syntaxhighlight>
 +
<syntaxhighlight lang="shell">
 +
Sector size (logical/physical): 512/4096 bytes
 +
</syntaxhighlight>
 +
<syntaxhighlight lang="shell">
 +
Disk identifier (GUID):
 +
</syntaxhighlight>
 +
<syntaxhighlight lang="shell">
 +
Partition table holds up to 128 entries
 +
Main partition table begins at sector 2 and ends at sector 33
 +
First usable sector is 34, last usable sector is 976773134
 +
Partitions will be aligned on 2048-sector boundaries
 +
Total free space is 976773101 sectors (465.8 GiB)
 +
 +
Number  Start (sector)    End (sector)  Size      Code  Name
 +
</syntaxhighlight>
 +
!-->
 +
----
 +
 +
: <code>sgdisk -a1 -n2:34:2047 -t2:EF02 /dev/sda</code>
 +
: <code>sgdisk -n1:0:0 -t1:BF01 /dev/sda</code>
 +
 +
: <code>sgdisk -p /dev/sda</code>
 +
<syntaxhighlight lang="shell">
 +
Disk /dev/sda: 976773168 sectors, 465.8 GiB
 +
</syntaxhighlight>
 +
<syntaxhighlight lang="shell">
 +
Model:
 +
</syntaxhighlight>
 +
<syntaxhighlight lang="shell">
 +
Sector size (logical/physical): 512/4096 bytes
 +
</syntaxhighlight>
 +
<syntaxhighlight lang="shell">
 +
Disk identifier (GUID):
 +
</syntaxhighlight>
 +
<syntaxhighlight lang="shell">
 +
Partition table holds up to 128 entries
 +
Main partition table begins at sector 2 and ends at sector 33
 +
First usable sector is 34, last usable sector is 976773134
 +
Partitions will be aligned on 8-sector boundaries
 +
Total free space is 0 sectors (0 bytes)
 +
 +
Number  Start (sector)    End (sector)  Size      Code  Name
 +
  1            2048      976773134  465.8 GiB  BF01 
 +
  2              34            2047  1007.0 KiB  EF02 
 +
</syntaxhighlight>
 +
 +
===== Partitionierung eines weiteren Gerätes an Massenspeicher =====
 +
 +
Replizieren der Partitionstablle vom eingerichteten Gerät ''sda'' auf das gleichermaßen einzurichtende Gerät ''sdd''
 +
: <code>sgdisk /dev/sda -R /dev/sdd</code>
 +
<syntaxhighlight lang="shell">
 +
The operation has completed successfully.
 +
</syntaxhighlight>
 +
Generieren einer neuen (abweichenden) [[wikipedia:de:Globally Unique Identifier|GUID]] für das gleichermassen einzurichtende Gerät ''sdd''
 +
: <code>sgdisk -G /dev/sdd</code>
 +
 +
===== Erstellen vom Spiegel der Partitionen fürs Booten =====
 +
: (leider) ohne ZFS
 +
: Spiegeln (in Anlehnung an den Spiegel von ZFS) der Geräte
 +
 +
Erstellen von einem Spiegel der Partitionen (''sda1'' und ''sdd1'') für das Booten der einheitlich eingerichteten Geräte ''sda'' und ''sdd''
 +
: <code>mdadm --create /dev/md127 --metadata=0.90 --level=mirror --raid-devices=2 /dev/sda1 /dev/sdd1</code>
 +
<syntaxhighlight lang="shell">
 +
mdadm: array /dev/md127 started.
 +
</syntaxhighlight>
 +
 +
<s>(theoretisches) Zerstören vom Spiegel der Partitionen (''sda1'' und ''sdd1'')
 +
: <code>mdadm --stop /dev/md127</code>
 +
: <code>mdadm --zero-superblock /dev/sda1 /dev/sdd1</code>
 +
</s>
 +
 +
(optionales) Anzeigen lassen der Einzelheiten des erstellten Spiegels
 +
: <code>mdadm --detail /dev/md127</code>
 +
<syntaxhighlight lang="shell">
 +
</syntaxhighlight>
 +
 +
: <code>mkfs.ext4 -m 0 -L boot -j /dev/md127</code>
 +
<syntaxhighlight lang="shell">
 +
mke2fs 1.43.7 (16-Oct-2017)
 +
Creating filesystem with 122096368 4k blocks and 30531584 inodes
 +
Filesystem UUID: eb3bd738-a661-400e-a0dc-990bace991d7
 +
Superblock backups stored on blocks:
 +
        32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736, 1605632, 2654208,
 +
        4096000, 7962624, 11239424, 20480000, 23887872, 71663616, 78675968,
 +
        102400000
 +
 +
Allocating group tables: done                           
 +
Writing inode tables: done                           
 +
Creating journal (262144 blocks): done
 +
</syntaxhighlight>
 +
<syntaxhighlight lang="shell">
 +
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information:         
 +
</syntaxhighlight>
 +
<syntaxhighlight lang="shell">
 +
done
 +
 +
</syntaxhighlight>
 +
 +
===== Erstellen vom gespiegelten Pool der Partitionen für ZFS =====
 +
 +
: <code>zpool create -f -o ashift=12 -o altroot=/mnt -O encryption=aes-256-gcm -O keyformat=passphrase zroot mirror /dev/sda1 /dev/sdd1</code>
 +
<syntaxhighlight lang="shell">
 +
Enter passphrase:
 +
</syntaxhighlight>
 +
<syntaxhighlight lang="shell">
 +
Re-enter passphrase:
 +
</syntaxhighlight>
 +
 +
===== Erstellen der Datasets gespiegelten Pool der Partitionen für ZFS =====
 +
 +
: <code>zfs create -o mountpoint=none zroot/root</code>
 +
: <code>zfs create -o mountpoint=legacy -o sync=disabled zroot/root/tmp</code>
 +
: <code>zfs create -o mountpoint=legacy zroot/root/nixos</code>
 +
: <code>zfs create -o mountpoint=legacy zroot/root/home</code>
 +
: <code>zfs set compression=lz4 zroot/root/home</code>
 +
 +
===== Einhängen der Speicher für die Installation =====
 +
 +
: <code>mount -t zfs zroot/root/nixos /mnt</code>
 +
: <code>mkdir /mnt/{home,tmp,boot}</code>
 +
: <code>mount /dev/md127 /mnt/boot/</code>
 +
: <code>mount -t zfs zroot/root/home /mnt/home/</code>
 +
: <code>mount -t zfs zroot/root/tmp /mnt/tmp/</code>
 +
 +
===== Einhängen der Speicher für die Installation =====
 +
 +
: <code>nixos-generate-config --root /mnt</code>
 +
<syntaxhighlight lang="shell">
 +
writing /mnt/etc/nixos/hardware-configuration.nix...
 +
writing /mnt/etc/nixos/configuration.nix...
 +
</syntaxhighlight>
 +
 +
===== Einhängen der Speicher für die Installation =====
 +
 +
: <code>nixos-generate-config --root /mnt</code>
 +
<syntaxhighlight lang="shell">
 +
writing /mnt/etc/nixos/hardware-configuration.nix...
 +
warning: not overwriting existing /mnt/etc/nixos/configuration.nix
 +
</syntaxhighlight>
 +
 +
: <code>cat /mnt/etc/nixos/hardware-configuration.nix</code>
 +
<syntaxhighlight lang="nix">
 +
# Do not modify this file!  It was generated by ‘nixos-generate-config’
 +
# and may be overwritten by future invocations.  Please make changes
 +
# to /etc/nixos/configuration.nix instead.
 +
{ config, lib, pkgs, ... }:
 +
 +
{
 +
  imports =
 +
    [ <nixpkgs/nixos/modules/installer/scan/not-detected.nix>
 +
    ];
 +
 +
  boot.initrd.availableKernelModules = [ "xhci_pci" "ehci_pci" "ata_piix" "usb_storage" "sd_mod" "sdhci_pci" ];
 +
  boot.kernelModules = [ "kvm-intel" ];
 +
  boot.extraModulePackages = [ ];
 +
 +
  fileSystems."/" =
 +
    { device = "zroot/root/nixos";
 +
      fsType = "zfs";
 +
    };
 +
 +
  fileSystems."/boot" =
 +
    { device = "/dev/disk/by-uuid/161f4a4b-93da-4722-a8bf-035451b28201";
 +
      fsType = "ext4";
 +
    };
 +
 +
  fileSystems."/home" =
 +
    { device = "zroot/root/home";
 +
      fsType = "zfs";
 +
    };
 +
 +
  fileSystems."/tmp" =
 +
    { device = "zroot/root/tmp";
 +
      fsType = "zfs";
 +
    };
 +
 +
  swapDevices =
 +
    [ { device = "/dev/disk/by-uuid/8d44ba2b-4cc3-4f7f-b4b4-6e78f461222b"; }
 +
    ];
 +
 +
  nix.maxJobs = lib.mkDefault 4;
 +
####  powerManagement.cpuFreqGovernor = lib.mkDefault "powersave";
 +
}
 +
</syntaxhighlight>
 +
 +
: <code>cat /mnt/etc/nixos/hardware-configuration.nix</code>
 +
<syntaxhighlight lang="nix">
 +
# Edit this configuration file to define what should be installed on
 +
# your system.  Help is available in the configuration.nix(5) man page
 +
# and in the NixOS manual (accessible by running ‘nixos-help’).
 +
 +
{ config, pkgs, ... }:
 +
 +
{
 +
  imports =
 +
    [ # Include the results of the hardware scan.
 +
      ./hardware-configuration.nix
 +
    ];
 +
 +
  # Use the GRUB 2 boot loader.
 +
  boot.loader.grub.enable = true;
 +
  boot.loader.grub.version = 2;
 +
  # boot.loader.grub.efiSupport = true;
 +
  # boot.loader.grub.efiInstallAsRemovable = true;
 +
  # boot.loader.efi.efiSysMountPoint = "/boot/efi";
 +
  # Define on which hard drive you want to install Grub.
 +
  # boot.loader.grub.device = "/dev/sda"; # or "nodev" for efi only
 +
        boot.loader.grub.devices = [ "/dev/sda" "/dev/sdd" ];
 +
 +
        boot.zfs.enableUnstable = true;
 +
        boot.supportedFilesystems = [ "zfs" ];
 +
 +
  # networking.hostName = "nixos"; # Define your hostname.
 +
  # networking.wireless.enable = true;  # Enables wireless support via wpa_supplicant.
 +
        networking.hostId = "ac174b52";
 +
 +
  # Select internationalisation properties.
 +
  # i18n = {
 +
  #  consoleFont = "Lat2-Terminus16";
 +
  #  consoleKeyMap = "us";
 +
  #  defaultLocale = "en_US.UTF-8";
 +
  # };
 +
        i18n = {
 +
                consoleFont = "Lat2-Terminus16";
 +
                consoleKeyMap = "us";
 +
                defaultLocale = "en_US.UTF-8";
 +
        };
 +
 +
  # Set your time zone.
 +
  # time.timeZone = "Europe/Amsterdam";
 +
        time.timeZone = "Europe/Berlin";
 +
 +
  # List packages installed in system profile. To search by name, run:
 +
  # $ nix-env -qaP | grep wget
 +
  # environment.systemPackages = with pkgs; [
 +
  #  wget vim
 +
  # ];
 +
      environment.systemPackages = with pkgs; [
 +
                wget
 +
                vim
 +
                firefox
 +
        ]; 
 +
 +
 +
  # Some programs need SUID wrappers, can be configured further or are
 +
  # started in user sessions.
 +
  # programs.bash.enableCompletion = true;
 +
        programs.bash.enableCompletion = true;
 +
  # programs.mtr.enable = true;
 +
        programs.mtr.enable = true;
 +
  # programs.gnupg.agent = { enable = true; enableSSHSupport = true; };
 +
        programs.gnupg.agent = { enable = true; enableSSHSupport = true; };
 +
 +
  # List services that you want to enable:
 +
 +
  # Enable the OpenSSH daemon.
 +
  # services.openssh.enable = true;
 +
        services.openssh.enable = true;
 +
 +
  # Open ports in the firewall.
 +
  # networking.firewall.allowedTCPPorts = [ ... ];
 +
  # networking.firewall.allowedUDPPorts = [ ... ];
 +
  # Or disable the firewall altogether.
 +
  # networking.firewall.enable = false;
 +
 +
  # Enable CUPS to print documents.
 +
  # services.printing.enable = true;
 +
 +
  # Enable the X11 windowing system.
 +
  # services.xserver.enable = true;
 +
        services.xserver.enable = true;
 +
  # services.xserver.layout = "us";
 +
        services.xserver.layout = "us";
 +
  # services.xserver.xkbOptions = "eurosign:e";
 +
        services.xserver.xkbOptions = "eurosign:e";
 +
 +
  # Enable touchpad support.
 +
  # services.xserver.libinput.enable = true;
 +
 +
  # Enable the KDE Desktop Environment.
 +
  # services.xserver.displayManager.sddm.enable = true;
 +
        services.xserver.displayManager.sddm.enable = true;
 +
  # services.xserver.desktopManager.plasma5.enable = true;
 +
        services.xserver.desktopManager.plasma5.enable = true;
 +
 +
  # Define a user account. Don't forget to set a password with ‘passwd’.
 +
  # users.extraUsers.guest = {
 +
  #  isNormalUser = true;
 +
  #  uid = 1000;
 +
  # };
 +
 +
  # This value determines the NixOS release with which your system is to be
 +
  # compatible, in order to avoid breaking some software such as database
 +
  # servers. You should change this only after NixOS release notes say you
 +
  # should.
 +
  system.stateVersion = "18.03"; # Did you read the comment?
 +
 +
}
 +
</syntaxhighlight>
 +
 +
===== Ersetzen eines der Geräte an Massenspeicher =====
 +
 +
tbc
 +
 +
; MBR:
 +
 +
; GPT:
 +
 +
== booting from ZFS ==
 +
 +
=== GRUB kann doch ZFS, oder? ===
 +
: oder ist das nur ein Ding für FreeBSD?
 +
 +
* https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Installing_Arch_Linux_on_ZFS#Booting_your_kernel_and_initrd_from_ZFS
 +
* https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/ZFS#GRUB-compatible_pool_creation
 +
* https://www.gnu.org/software/grub/manual/grub/html_node/Multi_002dboot-manual-config.html
 +
 +
Das Übergeben vom Passwort ist dann vielleicht noch einmal ein anderer Akt. (Ich bilde mir ein, dass als [[PC-BSD]] zeitweise GRUB nutzte, das da bereits bei GRUB das Passwort abverlangt wurde. (<code>set kFreeBSD.kern.geom.eli.passphrase="$pass"</code> oder so ein Pfeffer<ref>https://github.com/trueos/trueos-core/blob/master/overlays/install-overlay/boot/grub/grub.cfg.trueos</ref>))
 +
 +
== Domains ==
 +
 +
* nix
 +
** guide
 +
** style
 +
** support
 +
** training
 +
** earth
 +
** international
 +
** world
 +
** land
 +
** city
 +
** farm
 +
** team
 +
** group
 +
** community
 +
** center
 +
** school
 +
** academy
 +
** institute
 +
** company
 +
** promo
 +
** tools
 +
** network
 +
** …
 +
* nixos
 +
** …

Aktuelle Version vom 19. September 2020, 15:12 Uhr

Ideen für Ideen zu und rund um NixOS

NixOS meets iRedMail

(g)ui the whole configuration.nix

  • gui oder wui
  • Unmöglichkeit von Typos
  • bessere Übersicht zu (allen) verfügbaren Optionen
  • ...

NixOS as FreeBSD

aka uNix oder FreeNix oder NixBSD

nixpkgs on BSD

FreeBSD
Siehe Diskussion:BSD#FreeBSD meets Nixpkgs
Dragonfly BSD
Anwendungsbeispiele
nix für Jails

my perfect NixOS laptop installation

The goal is to set up a sweet default for the usage of a (usual) laptop running NixOS.

Probably we are going to use a ThinkPad (idea of the project denkende Bretter bohren). Of course everybody can bring their own device.

The "perfect" setup seems to be:

  • NixOS
  • ZFS (for everything but /boot)
    ext4 might be possible also but is not as feature rich. btrfs should be also available to install (NixOS) on.
  • 2 mirrored disks (nice to have)
    (A caddy for a second disk (for a ThinkPad) will be there for testing such a setup. user:vater has got one.)
  • all data encrypted (as far as possible - for / but probably without /boot)
    Probably we have to use the 18.03 (version of NixOS, a prerelease) b/c we also want to test native ZFS encryption.
    Those who are interested to run LUKS - the "typical" way to encrypt devices on GNU/Linux - can do of course.
    ZFS native encryption is one of the newest features of ZFS, driven by the ZoL community. (It is not available on FreeBSD at present (2017-10).)
  • (maybe a device or file for swap)

Installation

Hardware

Laptop
lenovo ThikPad T430
Massenspeicher
  • 2 x 500 GB HDD
  • 1 x 24 GB SSD
  • 1 x 16 GB USB
Arbeitsspeicher
  • 2 x 8 GB DDR3

Partitionieren und Formatieren

Bestandsaufnahme der verfügbaren Geräte an Massenspeicher
lsblk
fdisk -l /dev/sda
Disk /dev/sda: 465.8 GiB, 500107862016 bytes, 976773168 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes



 fdisk -l /dev/sdb


Disk /dev/sdb: 22.4 GiB, 24015495168 bytes, 46905264 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes





 fdisk -l /dev/sdc


Disk /dev/sdc: 14.9 GiB, 16005464064 bytes, 31260672 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disklabel type: dos





 fdisk -l /dev/sdd


Disk /dev/sdd: 465.8 GiB, 500107862016 bytes, 976773168 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes





Partitionierung eines verfügbaren Gerätes an Massenspeicher


 Pauschales Erstellen einer neuen Partitionstabelle auf jedem Gerät, das künftig Bestandteil vom Setup sein soll




 BTW: Das kann auch gern auf der grafischen Oberfläche mit GParted gemacht werden.

  •  Gerät im Dropdown-Menü auswählen
    • 

  •  Device -> Create Partion Table
    • 

  •  gpt im Dropdown-Menü auswählen
    • 

  •  Bestätigen



???



 sgdisk -p /dev/sda




Number  Start (sector)    End (sector)  Size       Code  Name
   1            2048         2099199   1024.0 MiB  8300  Linux filesystem
   2         2099200       976773119   464.8 GiB   8300  Linux filesystem



 sgdisk -Z /dev/sda


GPT data structures destroyed! You may now partition the disk using fdisk or other utilities.



 sgdisk -o /dev/sda


Creating new GPT entries.
The operation has completed successfully.



 sgdisk -p /dev/sda


Disk /dev/sdd: 976773168 sectors, 465.8 GiB



Model:



Sector size (logical/physical): 512/4096 bytes



Disk identifier (GUID):



Partition table holds up to 128 entries
Main partition table begins at sector 2 and ends at sector 33
First usable sector is 34, last usable sector is 976773134
Partitions will be aligned on 2048-sector boundaries
Total free space is 976773101 sectors (465.8 GiB)

Number  Start (sector)    End (sector)  Size       Code  Name







Achtung!
Bisher wurde ausschließlich mit MBR erfolgreich die Installation durchgeführt.







 sgdisk -a1 -n2:34:2047 -t2:EF02 /dev/sda


 sgdisk -n1:0:0 -t1:BF01 /dev/sda


 sgdisk -p /dev/sda


Disk /dev/sda: 976773168 sectors, 465.8 GiB



Model:



Sector size (logical/physical): 512/4096 bytes



Disk identifier (GUID):



Partition table holds up to 128 entries
Main partition table begins at sector 2 and ends at sector 33
First usable sector is 34, last usable sector is 976773134
Partitions will be aligned on 8-sector boundaries
Total free space is 0 sectors (0 bytes)

Number  Start (sector)    End (sector)  Size       Code  Name
   1            2048       976773134   465.8 GiB   BF01  
   2              34            2047   1007.0 KiB  EF02



Partitionierung eines weiteren Gerätes an Massenspeicher


Replizieren der Partitionstablle vom eingerichteten Gerät sda auf das gleichermaßen einzurichtende Gerät sdd



 sgdisk /dev/sda -R /dev/sdd


The operation has completed successfully.



Generieren einer neuen (abweichenden) GUID für das gleichermassen einzurichtende Gerät sdd



 sgdisk -G /dev/sdd


Erstellen vom Spiegel der Partitionen fürs Booten


 (leider) ohne ZFS


 Spiegeln (in Anlehnung an den Spiegel von ZFS) der Geräte 


Erstellen von einem Spiegel der Partitionen (sda1 und sdd1) für das Booten der einheitlich eingerichteten Geräte sda und sdd



 mdadm --create /dev/md127 --metadata=0.90 --level=mirror --raid-devices=2 /dev/sda1 /dev/sdd1


mdadm: array /dev/md127 started.



(theoretisches) Zerstören vom Spiegel der Partitionen (sda1 und sdd1)



 mdadm --stop /dev/md127


 mdadm --zero-superblock /dev/sda1 /dev/sdd1




(optionales) Anzeigen lassen der Einzelheiten des erstellten Spiegels



 mdadm --detail /dev/md127




 mkfs.ext4 -m 0 -L boot -j /dev/md127


mke2fs 1.43.7 (16-Oct-2017)
Creating filesystem with 122096368 4k blocks and 30531584 inodes
Filesystem UUID: eb3bd738-a661-400e-a0dc-990bace991d7
Superblock backups stored on blocks: 
        32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736, 1605632, 2654208, 
        4096000, 7962624, 11239424, 20480000, 23887872, 71663616, 78675968, 
        102400000

Allocating group tables: done                            
Writing inode tables: done                            
Creating journal (262144 blocks): done



Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information:



done



Erstellen vom gespiegelten Pool der Partitionen für ZFS


 zpool create -f -o ashift=12 -o altroot=/mnt -O encryption=aes-256-gcm -O keyformat=passphrase zroot mirror /dev/sda1 /dev/sdd1


Enter passphrase:



Re-enter passphrase:



Erstellen der Datasets gespiegelten Pool der Partitionen für ZFS


 zfs create -o mountpoint=none zroot/root


 zfs create -o mountpoint=legacy -o sync=disabled zroot/root/tmp


 zfs create -o mountpoint=legacy zroot/root/nixos


 zfs create -o mountpoint=legacy zroot/root/home


 zfs set compression=lz4 zroot/root/home


Einhängen der Speicher für die Installation


 mount -t zfs zroot/root/nixos /mnt


 mkdir /mnt/{home,tmp,boot}


 mount /dev/md127 /mnt/boot/


 mount -t zfs zroot/root/home /mnt/home/


 mount -t zfs zroot/root/tmp /mnt/tmp/


Einhängen der Speicher für die Installation


 nixos-generate-config --root /mnt


writing /mnt/etc/nixos/hardware-configuration.nix...
writing /mnt/etc/nixos/configuration.nix...



Einhängen der Speicher für die Installation


 nixos-generate-config --root /mnt


writing /mnt/etc/nixos/hardware-configuration.nix...
warning: not overwriting existing /mnt/etc/nixos/configuration.nix



 cat /mnt/etc/nixos/hardware-configuration.nix


# Do not modify this file!  It was generated by ‘nixos-generate-config’
# and may be overwritten by future invocations.  Please make changes
# to /etc/nixos/configuration.nix instead.
{ config, lib, pkgs, ... }:

{
  imports =
    [ <nixpkgs/nixos/modules/installer/scan/not-detected.nix>
    ];

  boot.initrd.availableKernelModules = [ "xhci_pci" "ehci_pci" "ata_piix" "usb_storage" "sd_mod" "sdhci_pci" ];
  boot.kernelModules = [ "kvm-intel" ];
  boot.extraModulePackages = [ ];

  fileSystems."/" =
    { device = "zroot/root/nixos";
      fsType = "zfs";
    };

  fileSystems."/boot" =
    { device = "/dev/disk/by-uuid/161f4a4b-93da-4722-a8bf-035451b28201";
      fsType = "ext4";
    };

  fileSystems."/home" =
    { device = "zroot/root/home";
      fsType = "zfs";
    };

  fileSystems."/tmp" =
    { device = "zroot/root/tmp";
      fsType = "zfs";
    };

  swapDevices =
    [ { device = "/dev/disk/by-uuid/8d44ba2b-4cc3-4f7f-b4b4-6e78f461222b"; }
    ];

  nix.maxJobs = lib.mkDefault 4;
####  powerManagement.cpuFreqGovernor = lib.mkDefault "powersave";
}



 cat /mnt/etc/nixos/hardware-configuration.nix


# Edit this configuration file to define what should be installed on
# your system.  Help is available in the configuration.nix(5) man page
# and in the NixOS manual (accessible by running ‘nixos-help’).

{ config, pkgs, ... }:

{
  imports =
    [ # Include the results of the hardware scan.
      ./hardware-configuration.nix
    ];

  # Use the GRUB 2 boot loader.
  boot.loader.grub.enable = true;
  boot.loader.grub.version = 2;
  # boot.loader.grub.efiSupport = true;
  # boot.loader.grub.efiInstallAsRemovable = true;
  # boot.loader.efi.efiSysMountPoint = "/boot/efi";
  # Define on which hard drive you want to install Grub.
  # boot.loader.grub.device = "/dev/sda"; # or "nodev" for efi only
        boot.loader.grub.devices = [ "/dev/sda" "/dev/sdd" ];

        boot.zfs.enableUnstable = true;
        boot.supportedFilesystems = [ "zfs" ];

  # networking.hostName = "nixos"; # Define your hostname.
  # networking.wireless.enable = true;  # Enables wireless support via wpa_supplicant.
        networking.hostId = "ac174b52";

  # Select internationalisation properties.
  # i18n = {
  #   consoleFont = "Lat2-Terminus16";
  #   consoleKeyMap = "us";
  #   defaultLocale = "en_US.UTF-8";
  # };
        i18n = {
                consoleFont = "Lat2-Terminus16";
                consoleKeyMap = "us";
                defaultLocale = "en_US.UTF-8";
        };

  # Set your time zone.
  # time.timeZone = "Europe/Amsterdam";
        time.timeZone = "Europe/Berlin";

  # List packages installed in system profile. To search by name, run:
  # $ nix-env -qaP | grep wget
  # environment.systemPackages = with pkgs; [
  #   wget vim
  # ];
       environment.systemPackages = with pkgs; [
                wget
                vim
                firefox
        ];  


  # Some programs need SUID wrappers, can be configured further or are
  # started in user sessions.
  # programs.bash.enableCompletion = true;
        programs.bash.enableCompletion = true;
  # programs.mtr.enable = true;
        programs.mtr.enable = true;
  # programs.gnupg.agent = { enable = true; enableSSHSupport = true; };
        programs.gnupg.agent = { enable = true; enableSSHSupport = true; };

  # List services that you want to enable:

  # Enable the OpenSSH daemon.
  # services.openssh.enable = true;
        services.openssh.enable = true;

  # Open ports in the firewall.
  # networking.firewall.allowedTCPPorts = [ ... ];
  # networking.firewall.allowedUDPPorts = [ ... ];
  # Or disable the firewall altogether.
  # networking.firewall.enable = false;

  # Enable CUPS to print documents.
  # services.printing.enable = true;

  # Enable the X11 windowing system.
  # services.xserver.enable = true;
        services.xserver.enable = true;
  # services.xserver.layout = "us";
        services.xserver.layout = "us";
  # services.xserver.xkbOptions = "eurosign:e";
        services.xserver.xkbOptions = "eurosign:e";

  # Enable touchpad support.
  # services.xserver.libinput.enable = true;

  # Enable the KDE Desktop Environment.
  # services.xserver.displayManager.sddm.enable = true;
        services.xserver.displayManager.sddm.enable = true;
  # services.xserver.desktopManager.plasma5.enable = true;
        services.xserver.desktopManager.plasma5.enable = true;

  # Define a user account. Don't forget to set a password with ‘passwd’.
  # users.extraUsers.guest = {
  #   isNormalUser = true;
  #   uid = 1000;
  # };

  # This value determines the NixOS release with which your system is to be
  # compatible, in order to avoid breaking some software such as database
  # servers. You should change this only after NixOS release notes say you
  # should.
  system.stateVersion = "18.03"; # Did you read the comment?

}



Ersetzen eines der Geräte an Massenspeicher


tbc



 MBR




 GPT




booting from ZFS


GRUB kann doch ZFS, oder?


 oder ist das nur ein Ding für FreeBSD?



Das Übergeben vom Passwort ist dann vielleicht noch einmal ein anderer Akt. (Ich bilde mir ein, dass als PC-BSD zeitweise GRUB nutzte, das da bereits bei GRUB das Passwort abverlangt wurde. (set kFreeBSD.kern.geom.eli.passphrase="$pass" oder so ein Pfeffer[1]))



Domains


  •  nix

    •  guide
      • 

    •  style
      • 

    •  support
      • 

    •  training
      • 

    •  earth
      • 

    •  international
      • 

    •  world
      • 

    •  land
      • 

    •  city
      • 

    •  farm
      • 

    •  team
      • 

    •  group
      • 

    •  community
      • 

    •  center
      • 

    •  school
      • 

    •  academy
      • 

    •  institute
      • 

    •  company
      • 

    •  promo
      • 

    •  tools
      • 

    •  network
      • 

    •  …
    • 

  •  nixos

    •  …
    

  • ↑ https://github.com/trueos/trueos-core/blob/master/overlays/install-overlay/boot/grub/grub.cfg.trueos

    • 








    					
    
						Abgerufen von „https://wiki.c3d2.de/w/index.php?title=Diskussion:NixOS&oldid=31644“